Well understood: osmosis, fertilisation, and organ location/functions in the digestive system.
Uncertain areas: structures of blood vessels and breathing system, ECG function, and % offspring in monohybrid crosses.
Exam technique: read questions and graphs carefully (e.g. Q2, Q38, Q11).
Few could state ways to increase diffusion rate; some chose decreasing surface area/gradient.
Testing biological molecules largely correct, but many missed the positive result for DCPIP and some thought Benedict’s tests for protein.
Many believed plants cannot respire.
Pathogens: most correct; some thought all pathogens are bacteria.
Products of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration mostly identified; some confused the two or mixed yeast vs muscle anaerobic products.
Some were unaware kidneys excrete excess ions.
Most identified the lens as the structure focusing light on the retina; common confusions: cornea/iris.
Adrenaline statements generally understood; some confused its effects on breathing rate and pupil size.
Some could not identify antibiotics as a drug type; others thought antibiotics kill viruses.
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