Topic 1
Motion, forces, and energy — from vectors and kinematics to momentum, energy, and pressure.
By the end of this section, you will be able to :
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Regions at the ends of a magnet where magnetic field lines either emerge from or are directed toward the magnet.
Materials that produce their own magnetic fields and attract magnetic substances.
Substances that get attracted toward a magnet.
Regions within a magnetic material in which the magnetisation is in a uniform direction.
A region inside a material where groups of magnetic moments naturally align in the same direction.
When a magnetic substance is placed in a magnet’s field, it becomes magnetised and remains attracted while in the field.
Made of soft iron; they stay magnetised for some time.
Retain magnetic properties even without an inducing field or current.
Magnets whose magnetic field is produced by an electric current; usually have iron cores and lose magnetism when current stops.
The region around a magnetic material within which the force of magnetism acts.
Rectangular permanent magnets made from ferromagnetic substances.
Imaginary lines around a magnet directed from the North to the South pole; densest near the poles and never cross.
An instrument with a magnetic needle that points North–South; used for navigation and to find field-line directions.
Small shavings of a ferromagnetic material.
A basic physical property that causes objects to attract or repel each other.
Exists when the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons.
A region in which an electric charge experiences a force.
Exists when the number of protons is less than the number of electrons.
Charge developed on ungrounded or insulating surfaces due to an excess or deficiency of electrons.
A hypothetical charge located at a single point in space; an idealisation used in theory.
A sphere in which any excess charge resides on the surface.
Materials that allow electricity to flow through them.
Materials that do not allow electricity to flow through them.
The rate at which charge flows.
Current assumed to flow from the positive terminal, through the circuit, to the negative terminal of the source.
An instrument used to measure electric current.
One-directional flow of electric charge.
Electric current that periodically reverses direction and continuously changes magnitude with time.
Electrical work done per unit charge by a source moving charge around a complete circuit.
Work done per unit charge as it passes through a component.
The rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
A unit of energy: one kilowatt of power used for one hour.
Motion, forces, and energy — from vectors and kinematics to momentum, energy, and pressure.
Thermal physics — particle model, temperature scales, specific heat capacity and heat transfer.
Waves — general properties, reflection/refraction, TIR, lenses and the EM spectrum.
Electricity and magnetism — charge, current, circuits, electrical power and safety.
Earth & Solar System, stars and the universe — redshift, CMBR, life cycle of stars and more.
Nuclear model, ionising radiation, decay equations and half-life.
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