2.1.1 States of matter
CORE OBJECTIVES:
- Know the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
- Know the terms for the changes in state between solids, liquids and gases (gas to solid and solid to gas transfers are not required)
2.1.2 Particle model
CORE OBJECTIVES:
- Describe the particle structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement, separation and motion of the particles, and represent these states using simple particle diagrams
- Describe the relationship between the motion of particles and temperature, including the idea that there is a lowest possible temperature (?273°C), known as absolute zero, where the particles have least kinetic energy
- Describe the pressure and the changes in pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of its particles and their collisions with a surface
- Know that the random motion of microscopic particles in a suspension is evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter
- Describe and explain this motion (sometimes known as Brownian motion) in terms of random collisions between the microscopic particles in a suspension and the particles of the gas or liquid
EXTENDED/SUPPLEMENT OBJECTIVES:
- Know that the forces and distances between particles (atoms, molecules, ions and electrons) and the motion of the particles affects the properties of solids, liquids and gases
- Describe the pressure and the changes in pressure of a gas in terms of the forces exerted by particles colliding with surfaces, creating a force per unit area
- Know that microscopic particles may be moved by collisions with light fast-moving molecules and correctly use the terms atoms or molecules as distinct from microscopic particles
2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature
CORE OBJECTIVES:
- Describe qualitatively, in terms of particles, the effect on the pressure of a fixed mass of gas of:
- (a) a change of temperature at constant volume
- (b) a change of volume at constant temperature
- Convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius; recall and use the equation T (in K) = ? (in °C) + 273
EXTENDED/SUPPLEMENT OBJECTIVES:
- Recall and use the equation pV = constant for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, including a graphical representation of this relationship
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