IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes Formulae, functional groups and terminology

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Syllabus Objectives

IGCSE:Organic chemistry

Sub Topic:11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Syllabus Objectives:

CORE:

Draw and interpret the displayed formula of a molecule to show all the atoms and all the bonds
Write and interpret general formulae of compounds in the same homologous series, limited to:
(a) alkanes, Cn H2_n+2
(b) alkenes, Cn H_2n
(c) alcohols, Cn H2_n+1OH
(d) carboxylic acids, C_n H_2n+1COOH
Identify a functional group as an atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a homologous series
State that a homologous series is a family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group
State that a saturated compound has molecules in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds
State that an unsaturated compound has molecules in which one or more carbon–carbon bonds are not single bonds

EXTENDED:

State that a structural formula is an unambiguous description of the way the atoms in a molecule are arranged, including CH₂=CH₂, CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃COOCH₃
Define structural isomers as compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae, including C₄H₁₀ as CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₃ and C₄H₈ as CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ and CH₃CH=CHCH₃
Describe the general characteristics of a homologous series as:
(a) having the same functional group
(b) having the same general formula
(c) differing from one member to the next by a –CH₂– unit
(d) displaying a trend in physical properties
(e) sharing similar chemical properties

Revision Notes

IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes Formulae, functional groups and terminology

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