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IGCSE Chemistry Notes Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

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Topic: Structure of an Atom

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1 Atomic Structure Basics

1. An atom is the smallest

________________ uncharged

particle that can take part in a chemical change.

2. An atom contains a centrally located

________________ nucleus

3. The nucleus contains positively charged

________________ protons

and neutral

________________ neutrons

4. Protons plus neutrons give the

________________ nucleon number

________________ mass number

5. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits called electron

________________ shells

or energy

________________ levels

6. An atom is electrically

________________ neutral

because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

7. The position of elements in the periodic table is based on their atomic

________________ number

2 Relative Mass and Charge

8. A proton has a relative mass of

________________ 1

and a relative charge of

________________ +1

9. A neutron has a relative mass of

________________ 1

and has

________________ no charge

10. An electron has a relative charge of

________________ -1

11. The relative mass of an electron is about

________________ 1/1840

3 Atomic Number and Mass Number

12. Proton number is also called the

________________ atomic number

13. Proton number means the number of

________________ protons

in the nucleus of an atom.

14. Nucleon number is also called the

________________ mass number

15. Nucleon number is the total number of

________________ protons

and

________________ neutrons

in the nucleus.

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Syllabus Objectives

Syllabus Objectives:

Core :

Describe the structure of the atom as a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells
State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron
Define proton number/ atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Define mass number/nucleon number as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Determine the electronic configuration of elements and their ions with proton number 1 to 20, e.g. 2,8,3
State that:

Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell
the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number in Groups I to VII
the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number

Revision Notes

IGCSE Chemistry Notes Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM:
igcse-chemistry-notes-structure-of-an-atom

Structure of an atom

An atom is the smallest uncharged particle that can take part in a chemical change.
An atom contains a centrally located nucleus.
The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons.[Protons + neutrons= nucleon number or mass number]
The electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits called electron shells or energy levels.
An atom is electrically neutral as the number of protons (+vely charged) are equal to the number of electrons (-vely charged).
Position of elements in the periodic table is based on their atomic number.

igcse-chemistry-notes--charge-and-mass-of-protons-neutrons-electrons

Define:

Proton number ( Atomic number): It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleon number ( Mass number): It is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

igcse-chemistry-notes-bond-formation-inert-gases

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