IGCSE Chemistry Notes Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

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Syllabus Objectives

IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes

Topic:Atoms, elements and compounds

Sub Topic: 2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Syllabus Objectives:

Core :

Describe the structure of the atom as a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells
State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron
Define proton number/ atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Define mass number/nucleon number as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Determine the electronic configuration of elements and their ions with proton number 1 to 20, e.g. 2,8,3
State that:

Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell
the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number in Groups I to VII
the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number

Revision Notes

IGCSE Chemistry Notes Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM:
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Structure of an atom

An atom is the smallest uncharged particle that can take part in a chemical change.
An atom contains a centrally located nucleus.
The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons.[Protons + neutrons= nucleon number or mass number]
The electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits called electron shells or energy levels.
An atom is electrically neutral as the number of protons (+vely charged) are equal to the number of electrons (-vely charged).
Position of elements in the periodic table is based on their atomic number.

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Define:

Proton number ( Atomic number): It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleon number ( Mass number): It is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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