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IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes Isotopes

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IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes Isotopes

Topic: Atoms, elements and compounds

Topic: Isotopes

Click the highlighted blanks to reveal the correct answers.

1 Definition of Isotopes

1. Isotopes are atoms of the

________________ same element

that have the same number of

________________ protons

but different numbers of

________________ neutrons

2. Isotopes have the same

________________ atomic number

but different

________________ mass numbers

2 Examples of Isotopes

3. Carbon-12 contains

________________ 6

protons and

________________ 6

neutrons.

4. Carbon-14 contains

________________ 6

protons and

________________ 8

neutrons.

3 Isotope Notation

5. The top number in isotope notation represents the

________________ mass number

6. The bottom number in isotope notation represents the

________________ proton number

7. The element symbol (e.g., C or Cl) identifies the type of

________________ atom

4 Chemical and Physical Properties

8. Isotopes have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of

________________ electrons

9. Chemical properties depend mainly on the number of electrons in the

________________ outer shell

10. The only difference between isotopes is their number of

________________ neutrons

11. Isotopes can have different

________________ physical properties

such as density or rate of diffusion.

5 Relative Atomic Mass

12. The relative atomic mass of chlorine calculated from its isotopes is approximately

________________ 35.5

13. The relative atomic mass of boron calculated from its isotopes is approximately

________________ 10.8

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Syllabus Objectives

CORE:

Define isotopes as different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Interpret and use symbols for atoms, e.g. ¹²C₆, and ions, e.g. ³⁵ ₁₇Cl ^–

EXTENDED:

State that isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes

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